They also were segregated in movie theaters in the San Joaquin Valley. César faced discrimination at diners and cafés in central California that would not serve Mexicans, who were forced to eat outside. The children attended Mexican-only schools and on the weekends worked up to ten hours a day in the fields. They picked beans, cherries, carrots, onions, broccoli, melons, and other fruits and vegetables. His parents, Librado and Juana Estrada, were born in Chihuahua, Mexico, but lived in the United States for most of their lives.Īfter his parents lost their small farm and adobe farmhouse in 1938, César and his family became migrant farm workers in California. His name was changed from Cesario to César when he started attending public school. He was the second of five surviving children: Rita, César, Richard, Librado, and Eduvigis (Vicky). He worked as a union organizer, labor activist, Mexican-American civil rights leader, and leader in the farm workers movement in the United States from 1962 to 1993. César Chávez was born on March 31, 1927, in the San Luis Valley near Yuma, Arizona, and died on April 23, 1993, in San Luis, Arizona.
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